holden



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. LL.

(No Model.)

D. L. HOLDEN an L. W. SERRE ICL MAKING APPARATUS. No. 530,527.

Patented Dec. 11, 1894.

(No Model.)

2 Sbeets-Sheet 2.

D. L. HOLDEN 8v L. W. SERRBLL.

ICE MAKING APPARATUS.

Patented Dee. l1, 1894.

UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

DANTEL L, HOLDEN, oFiNEw YORK, N. Y., AND LEMUEL W. sERRELL, or PLAINEIELD, NEW JERSEY, AssieNoEs To KATIIRYN M. HOLDEN, or

NEW YORK, N. Y.

ICE-MAKING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 530,527, dated December 11, 18194. f

Application filed .Tune 19.: 1893.

To all whom it may concern:

18e it known that we, DANIEL L. HOLDEN, residing at the city and State of New York, and .LEMUEL W. SERRELL, residing at Plainfield, 1n the county of Union and State of New Jersey, both citizens of the United States, have invented an Improvement in Ice-Making Apparams, of which the following is a specification. i

In Letters Patent No. 490,475, granted J anuary 24, 18.93, to vsaid Daniel L. Holden, an

apparatus is represented inwhich the ice as itis formed upon a refrigerating surface is removed or scaled E by a revolving'device,. and 1n his application, Serial No. 429,514, filed April 18, 1892, such ice floats in the water and passes over the edge or dam and is received into the press and hence the ice as it is pressed into a-,block and consolidated is not always clear and transparent.

The object of the present invention is to exclude bubbles of air from:L the particles of ice from the time that thewater is frozen until f the particles of. ice are consolidated and also to 'give a free escape to such particles of air or fixed gases as may be `developedin` the,

freezing operation, so as todisplace such air or gases by Water which is presentduring the consolidating operationthat takes place below the surface of the water in the apparatus.

In carrying out this operation an apparatus maybe employed of any suitable construction and the devices herein representedare illus-v trative of an apparatus adapted to this improved method.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a cross section of said apparatus. Fig. 2 is 'a longitudinal` section on a smallerfscale at the line as c; Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial sectional plan at Renewed May 5, 1894- Serial No. 510,227. (No model.)

the line y y, and Fig. 4 is asimilar View at the line z z. Y Fig. 5 shows the lower end of the ice trunk. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 7 is a cross section of a modication'. i

It is advantageous to employ brine that is caused to circulate through the apparatus, and this brine is reduced in temperature con` siderably below the freezing point in any well known refrigerating device, usually however by the 4action of ammonia within pipes that pass through the brine holding vessel, and the brine may be caused to circulate by the action of a pump or otherwise.

The vessel A is adapted to receive water by the pipe F, and in this vessel there are represented a series of hollow cylinders G lying horizontal and havingtubular journals at the respective ends extending through the vessel A and driven by suitable gearing, suchas indicated at II, and the brine supplying pipes are shown at C passing through the hollow journals at one end and passing outof such.

cylinders bythe pipes C2 at the other end, or any suitable arrangement may be employed for supplying and removing the brine or other refrigerating material from the hollow cylindersy G, and any suitable Scrapers may be provided for removing the ice in chips or scales from the surfaces of the hollow cylinders G. IVe have represented the Scrapers E as adapted to this object.

In any apparatus that may he employed for the purpose of freezing the water upon the refrigerating surfaces and removing the ice in scales or chips, the ice making devices are entirelyY below the surface of the water and 4the ice floats and accumulates in the upper portion of the apparatus, and any suitable cover may be provided for the vessel A. l

In Figs. 1 and 2 the perforated incline I is represented ,so that the particles of ice will accumulate at or near one side of the rvessel. A, and such particles ofice will pass through the outlet K into the press L, which press is represented as vertical.` y

In this apparatus the scales or particles of Y ice always remainl below the water level, and the tendency of such ice being to float, causes Iit to accumulate in the upper partof the water holding vessel and pass up from time to time into the trunk Lof the press so that the piston or`plunger N as it is reciprocated will not only press upon the particles of ice that floatl up into the trunk L for consolidating the arranged in a convenient manner for use, but

\ with this object in view the fingers 10 projectthis method of forming ice artificially may be carried out in any suitable apparatus. We find it advantageous to `place the horizontal cylinders G in ranges sufficiently far apart to give access between them for repairs and to rotate the cylinders in opposite directions as indicated by the arrows, and the scrapers E are represented in Figs. 1 and 2-as supported upon cross shafts 4 that have eyes at their ends sliding upon the stationary bars 5, and these cross shafts 4 and Scrapers E are moved progressively from end to end upon the cylinders G by anysuitable means, such for instance as the endless chains 6 which pass around sprocket wheels 7 upon shafts 8 that project through packing boxes or bearings upon the vessel A and they are driven by suitable power applied to pulleys 9 upon their outer ends; and it is advantageous to employ the reversing devices such as common in planing machines and presses, for changing the direction of rotation of the pulleys 9, and

ing from the shafts 4 act upon arms' 11 pro-V jecting from the rock shafts 12 when the scrapers reach the respective ends of their vmovements, so that by these rock shafts 12 any suitable mechanism may be actuated for` reversing the direction of rotation of the pulleys 9 and thereby moving the Scrapers E first in one direction and then in the other.

By placing the Scrapers E in pairs, as shown, the strain upon each scraper as it is `held to position will be taken inthe opposite direction by the other scraper to hold that in position, thus lessening the lateral thrust upon the bars 5. InFig. 1 the positions of the gears H are represented by dotted lines and the direction of rotation indicated by the arrows.

The incline I ma be of sheet metal perforated with long an narrow openings, or slots close together may be employed, the object being' to allow the escape of any air or fixed gases and at the same time to direct the particles of ice toward the opening K, and conveyer screws P may be made use of, standing at opposite directions and rotated by suitable power, so as to tend to move the particles of ice toward the opening K to the press.

The `piston N of the press is advantageously perforated on the end for the escape of Water or any fixed gases upwardly as the pis-s' ton is pressed down upon the particles of ice to consolidate the same, andthe piston is hollow and provided with openings for the lateral discharge of water asthe pistonrises, and by connecting the trunk L` of the press upon one side of the water vessels A, as shown, and

prolonging the three sides of the press trunk .L above the top of the vessel Aleaving the fourth side open at 13, the water which may be raised in the hollowpiston can run out through the openings 14 and pass along the side channels 15 and run atthe open side v1,3 into the water holding vessel A. kWe also find it advantageous to make use of the detaining oli-ps 16 bolted to the lower end of the press trunk Land set up by screws 17 so. that the clips are slightly closer together than the' Width of the press trunk L. Thereby said deitaining clips 16 apply sufficient Vdetaining force to the ice as it is pressed to firmly consolidate the same and to prevent the block of ice falling away by gravity out of the trunk. when theA lower end'is unsupported; and by,

providing a saw the ice can be sawed off in blocks of the desired length and allowed to slide away upon a suitable chute to the storage room. We also find it advantageous to make use of hydraulic power for moving the piston N, because such piston N can remain stationary at any point after thegiven pressL ure has been ez/ierted upo'n the ice, and as the piston is drawn up the ice which has accumulated adjacent to the opening K will pass into the press trunk L and be ina position to be forced downwardly by the action of the piston N, and should it be desired, a gate can be applied, asillustrated bythe dotted lines at 18, the same being` moved downto close the opening K before the piston N is actuated, thereby retaining the particles of ice within the press trunk, and under all circumstances Vthe freezing of the water, the scaling off of the ice in chips and the. pressing of the chips into blocks of ice takes place,

below the surface of thevwater, so'that the presence of bubbles in the ice is almost wholly' avoided and the ice can be manufac-l IOO cooled so that the water'at the top ofthe vessel A and the floating ice can be below the freezing temperature. f i

We find great advantage in only freezing a comparatively thin layer of ice upon the surfaces of the cylinders G, because the thicker the layer of ice is the less efficient is the refrigerating operation because the layer of ice intervening between the cold surface and the water causes the ice to form more slowly as the thickness of Athe layer increases.

The modification in the scrapers represented in Figs. 6' and 7 consists in moving the scrapers by ay continuous progressive movement instead of a reciprocating movement. In this instance the Scrapers E are upon the chains 16 that travel along upon ways or supports 17, and such Scrapers or cutters E are connected wit-h the chains and pass at the ends around the pulleys or sprocket wheels 18 and travel in the opposite direction and act upon the lower cylinders G,as indicated by the arrows, and the shape of the cutters or scrapers E and the angle at which they stand to the surfaces `of the cylinders are to be such that the cutting edges will run in close proximity to the surfaces of the cylinders without injury to themetal of such cylinders.

lf the top of the water holding vessel A is arch-ed or made as a double incline, the particles of ice may be taken 0H atthe end of the vessel instead of at the side, and the trunk or press 4may be placed either vertical y, as shown, or in any other desired position so long as the pressing operation is performed beneath the surface of the Water;

It is a well ascertained fact that water expands as it 4freezes and thatwhen I,pressure is applied to ice the tendencyis to cause the ice to liquefy and `return to water, even though the temperature maybe considerably below the freezing point. This fact is availed of in the present improvement because when the pressure is applied to the particles of ice having the interstices filled with water the tendency is for the ice to liquefy by the press- .ure, and -hence the block of ice consoldatcs `with uniformi-ty as the pressure is relieved.

-In running this apparatus it is desirable to proportion the speed of the pressing device so as to act upon the particles of ice before there is timefor the intervening water to con geal or in other words, it is advantageous to supply suicient water at an ordinary temperature at the bottom of the apparatus for such water to become cool and to'congeal upon the frigerifc surfaces and for the ice to be scaled oif and ascend with the water which expands as itbecomes cooler and hence rises with the ice, and the mass of ice particles and intervening water should be taken off by the press with such rapidity that the mass cannot con` -ing surfaces upon which solidating the 4particles of ice by pressure and dischargingA the surplus water from between the particles of ice, substantially as set forth.-

2. The combination in an ice making apparatus, of a water holding vessel, refrigeratthe water is frozen, mechanism for cutting or scaling the ice from said surfaces,a trunk or receiving vessel-below the water line into vwhich the particles of ice are passed, and a piston for consolidating the particles of ice, there being openings for the escape of surplus water in consolidating the ice, substantially as set forth.

3. The method herein specified of making V blocks of ice, consisting in freezing water, passing the scales or particles of ice into trunk or holder beneath the surface'of thewater, and pressing such particles of ice while excluded from the atmosphere to consolidate the same, and form blocks, substantially as set forth. l

4. The method herein specified'of making blocks 'o'f ice, consisting in freezing water, passing the scales or particles of ice into a trunk or holder with the interstices between the ice filled with water to exclude atmosphere and pressingthe mass toconsolidate the ice and discharge-the surplus water, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination iny an ice makngmachine, of a frigerilic surface upon which the water is frozen, cutters for cutting or scaling the ice from such surface, a press for consoli- ICO dating the particles of ice, and an lopening,-

from the refrigerating vessel into the press below the surface of the water for the particles of ice to pass into the press without coming in contact with the atmosphere, substantially as set forth.

Signed by us this 16th day of J une, 1893.

DANIEL L. HOLDEN. LEMUEL XV. SERRELL. Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINCKNEY, A. M. OLIVER. 

